At the start of production in 1978, in situ ore reserves amenable to open-cut mining totaled 6.3 million metric tons of complex ore with an average grade of 1.7 percent Cu, 5.5 percent Pb, 14.4 percent Zn, and 89 ppm Ag, and 3.7 million metric tons of stockwork copper ore averaging 1.9 percent Cu.The deposit occurs in Middle to Upper Silurian ...
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The main sources of Zn and Pb production are derived from the minerals sphalerite (ZnS) and galena (PbS), in which Zn and Pb are the predominant components of the ores (Yin et al., 2016). Heavy metals such as As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn have been enriched in soils due to Pb/Zn smelting activities, and Pb/Zn mineral resources are …
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Kipushi ( Fig. 2, Fig. 3) is the most significant Zn– (Cu)–Pb carbonate-hosted deposit in the Copperbelt of Central Africa with total metal production of 6,622,116 tons Zn and 4,082,275 tons Cu from 1922 to 1993 when operations were suspended. The in-situ ore grades averaged 11.03 wt.% Zn and 6.80 wt.% Cu.
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Here we present a detailed field investigation of the geological characteristics of the Nannihu Mo-W, Luotuoshan Zn-Cu-W, and Lengshuibeigou Pb-Zn-Ag deposits in the Nannihu ore field. We further conduct a comparative geochronology study (U-Pb dating of zircon, garnet, monazite, and Re-Os dating of molybdenite) for the Nannihu intrusion and …
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The Kuergasheng Pb–Zn deposit is located in the Western Tianshan Orogen, Xinjiang Province, China. The ore bodies are mainly hosted in sandstone of the Tuosikuertawu Formation and are controlled by NW-trending faults. Three paragenetic stages were identified: early pyrite–chalcopyrite–quartz veins (stage 1), middle …
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on leaching polymetallic (Pb-Zn-Cu) gold ore (containing 13 ppm of gold, 0.23% of copper, 1.75% of zinc, and 4.35% of lead) indicated that the mixture of cyanide …
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Some sediment-hosted base metal deposits, specifically, the clastic-dominated Zn-Pb deposits, carbonatehosted Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits, sedimentary rock-hosted stratiform copper deposits, and carbonate-hosted polymetallic ("Kipushi-type") deposits, are or have been important sources of critical elements …
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The Pengshan Sn and Pb-Zn polymetallic deposits are located in the south margin of the Jiujiang-Ruichang (Jiurui) region of the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt in South China (Fig. 1).In contrast to the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt which is well known for Cu-Au deposits and Fe (magnetite-apatite) …
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Cu-pyrite ore bodies consist mainly of pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite plus minor sphalerite, galena and sulfosalts. Fluorite, barite, quartz and carbonate are the gangue minerals. A polymetallic geochemical signature characterizes the mineralization. Lead, Ag, Zn and Cu contents are similar to those of the carbonate-hosted replacement …
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The Ayawilca Zn-Pb-Ag-In-Sn-Cu deposit hosts one of the largest resources among recent base-metal discoveries in central Peru and throughout the Andes. The project is located 40 km northwest of the historic Cerro de Pasco Zn-Ag–Cu mine, and 20 km northeast of the Uchucchacua Ag-Mn mine (Fig. 1). The overall resource at Ayawilca as …
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The Great Xing'an Range (GXR) metallogenic belt, the largest silver province in China, contains more than 30 Ag-Pb-Zn ore deposits with total resources of > 57,000 t of silver (Fig. 1 B; Zhai et al., 2020).Metallogenesis in these deposits is complex and multistage, making it difficult for ore geologists to provide genetic interpretations (Ouyang …
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Enrichment and Geoaccumulation of Pb, Zn, As, Cd and Cr in soils near New Union Gold Mine, Limpopo Province of South Africa Confidence Muzerengi Department of Mining and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa, Tel: +27
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This deposit (with reserves of 1.12 Mt with 2% Pb, 3% Zn, 6.1 g/t Ag, 0.07% Mo, and 0.70% Cu), located in the western NPB, is characterized by diverse mineralization types, including southern ...
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Abstract. Broken Hill Hill-type Pb-Zn-Ag (BHT) deposits constitute some of the largest and highest grade ore deposits in the world. The Broken Hill deposit, Australia, is the largest accumulation of Pb, Zn, and Ag on Earth and the Cannington deposit is among the largest silver deposits. Characteristic features of BHT deposits include: 1.
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The Kalatag area, located in the middle of the Harlik–Dananhu arc in East Tianshan orogen, hosts several Cu–Zn deposits, including the Huangtupo VMS Cu–Zn deposit (including the Honghai deposit) and the Hongshan, Hongshi, and Meiling hydrothermal lode-type Cu deposits (Figs. 1 C and 2; Fang et al., 2002, Mao et al., 2010, …
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South Africa has significant proven manganese reserves, but exploitation of the mineral has not reflected its development potential. Diamonds South Africa plans to process a …
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South Africa has among the world's largest gold resources. It is home to about 5,000 tons of known gold reserves, making up the vast majority of Africa's total …
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Jinchanghe is a Zn-Pb-Fe-Cu skarn deposit in the northern Baoshan block, southwestern China. It is a typical distal skarn deposit with orebodies in the Cambrian Hetaoping Formation limestone and calcareous siltstone. The skarn minerals display a vertical zonation with garnet skarn in the lower part and pyroxene skarn in the upper part. …
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A mineralogical approach to quantifying ore variability within a polymetallic Cu-Pb-Zn Broken Hill-type deposit and its implications for geometallurgy Henry J.J. Gordon A …
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The Yinshan Cu–Au–Pb–Zn–Ag deposit is located in the famous Dexing copper–gold polymetallic district in South China (Fig. 1).This polymetallic district consists of the Middle Jurassic (ca. 170 Ma) Yinshan Cu–Au–Pb–Zn–Ag deposit (950,000 tons of Cu and 107 tons of Au) (JGEB, 1996, Yinshan Lead-Zinc Mine, 1993, Wang et al., 2011b), …
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Description. Handbook of Strata-Bound and Stratiform Ore Deposits, Volume 6: Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ag Deposits focuses on the characteristics, properties, origins, and structures of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ag deposits. The selection first underscores a comparative review of the genesis of the copper-lead sandstone-type deposits; "volcanic" massive sulfide ...
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The time-resolved LA–ICP–MS spectra of different stages of pyrite from the study area contain Pb, Zn, and Cu spikes, suggesting that these pyrites contain nanometer-sized inclusions of Pb-, Zn- and Cu-bearing minerals (Fig. 11). These spectra include As, Ag, Cu, Tl, and Sb data that have similar characteristics to the Au data, with the ...
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As and Sb are known to occur in Irish-type Pb/Zn ore in a range of sulphide phases including, stibnite, arsenopyrite, polymetallic Pb-Sb and Pb-As sulphide minerals (e.g. boulangerite, Pb 5 Sb 4 S ...
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1. Introduction. The collision and amalgamation of the Yangtze Craton and Cathaysia Block during the Neoproterozoic in South China led to the formation of the Qin-Hang suture zone (Mao et al., 2011, Shu, 2012).Following the amalgamation, the Qin-Hang Metallogenic Belt (QHMB), a significant zone of porphyry-skarn Cu-polymetallic …
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The trends of Cu, Pb, and Zn according to the regions and the selected countries indicated a marginal exponential increase. However, Europe displayed a rapid exponential increase in the ore-TMR for Cu and Pb over time because of low grades and high strip ratios within the mature region, thus, causing a rapid increase in the annual ore …
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The Koeris Formation in the Mesoproterozoic Aggeneys-Gamsberg ore district (South Africa) is located in the hanging wall of an unconformity, only metres above the giant Gamsberg and Big Syncline Pb-Zn ore deposits and potentially contains critical information on the metallogenesis and its geodynamic setting. We, therefore, conducted …
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1. Introduction. Skarn deposits are typically developed within or adjacent to hypabyssal intrusions of carbonate rocks (Meinert et al., 2005).They represent an important source of Cu–Fe–Au, Pb–Zn–Ag, and W–Sn globally (Einaudi et al., 1981, Meinert, 1992).Vein-type Pb–Zn ± Ag mineralization commonly develops in the distal zones of …
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The Pusangguo deposit (1.42 Mt @ 1.42% Cu, 0.14 Mt @ 1.82% Zn, 0.08 Mt @ 1.01% Pb, and 285.8 t Co @ 140 g/t Co) is the first Co-rich Cu-Zn-Pb skarn deposit discovered in the Gangdese metallogenic belt. However, the trace and minor element geochemistry of the sulfides in this deposit has not been studied, limiting further …
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The Dongshengmiao deposit in the Langshan district is a large Zn-Pb-Cu deposit with reserves of 4.83 Mt Zn at an average grade of 2.85 % Zn, 0.96 Mt Pb at 0.67 % Pb, and 0.11 Mt Cu at 0.86 % Cu (Long, 2009). As the third largest Pb-Zn deposit in China, its genesis has been actively debated since its discovery (Wang et al., 2014). Two main ...
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2.Regional geological setting and Huayuan Zn Pb ore field. The Huayuan Zn Pb ore field (>15 Mt. metal resources, at 1–4% Zn, 0.1–1.5% Pb) is located at the western margin of the Nanhua basin in South China (Fig. 1 a). The amalgamation of the Yangtze and Cathaysia Blocks at ca. 980–820 Ma formed the Jiangnan orogenic belt and the …
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