Abstract. It is well known that thallium (Tl) is a non-essential and toxic metal to human health, but less is known about the geo-environmentally-induced Tl pollution and its associated health impacts. High concentrations of Tl that are primarily associated with the epithermal metallogenesis of sulfide minerals have the potential of producing ...
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Normal or background concentrations of Tl in urine are given as <0.5 ... At industrial facilities, such as metal-mining and smelting plants and cement plants using pyrite, the concentration of thallium in raw materials, stack gases, and wastewater should be monitored and controlled, and waste materials containing thallium compounds should …
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Thallium concentrations in scalp hair, blood and urine samples were determined by ICP-MS after microwave digestion, using a previously reported method [20], [21], [22]. For each case, 28 scalp hair samples from the first sample collection were segmented every 3 mm from the scalp surface to 30 mm, and the remaining portions …
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His last blood thallium concentration was 5369 mcg/L, a spot urine thallium >2000 mcg/L, and a 24- hour urine thallium was >2000 mcg/L. Though extremely rare, thallium intoxication can be lethal despite early administration of MDAC and use of Prussian blue therapy. Rapid initiation of hemodialysis can be considered in cases of …
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By measuring thallium in urine, scientists can estimate the amount of thallium that has entered people's bodies. • CDC scientists found measurable levels of thallium in the urine in most participants, indicating widespread exposure. The 2003–2004 levels were similar to those in previous survey periods of the . Report.
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A 24-hour urine thallium concentration, assayed by atomic absorption photospectrometry, is the standard method. Although a urine …
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By measuring thallium in urine, scientists can estimate the amount of thallium that has entered people's bodies. • CDC scientists found measurable levels of thallium in the …
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The blood and daily urinary thallium concentrations decreased slowly in the following 3-month period. The clinical dermatological features subsided completely, but painful polyneuropathy persisted.
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The same investigators found the thallium concentration in early morning urine samples in nine subjects to range from 0.13 to 1.69 μg/L. Johnson (1976), in a study in New Zealand of 11 subjects with no known exposure to toxic metals, found a mean thallium concentration in the liver of 0.47 mg/kg dry tissue weight, with a range of 0.4 …
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Detecting toxic thallium exposure in 24-hour urine collections. Patient Preparation: High concentrations of gadolinium and iodine are known to interfere with most metal tests. If either gadolinium- or iodine-containing contrast media has been administered, a specimen should not be collected for 96 hours. Supplies: Urine Tubes, 10 mL (T068) Collection …
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In the Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (Fourth Report), CDC scientists measured thallium in the urine of 2,558 participants aged six years and older who took part in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during 2003–2004. …
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The levels of thallium in urine in cases of non-exposed individuals are below 1.1 mcg/g of creatinine (creatinine corrected) [18][19][20][21] or below 1 mcg/L (uncorrected) [21,22], while the ...
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Changes in blood thallium concentrations in the patient during PE treatment are shown in Fig. 1. On the 57th day from onset (the 14th day from admission), no thallium ions were detected in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid, whereas the urine thallium concentration was only 80 ng/mL. PB treatment was stopped after 15 days of …
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The analytical results for Tl in urine samples from the preliminary test of December 2002 are listed in Table 1.High Tl concentrations, from 39.55 to 277.6 μg/L in three urine samples from Village A and 78.9 μg/L Tl in one sample from Village B, were recorded.This led to follow-up sampling extending from villages A and B to village C to …
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A 24-hour urine thallium concentration, assayed by atomic absorption photospectrometry, is the standard method. Although a urine spot test is faster, it has a high false-positive rate. Blood thallium levels may be falsely negative. The following are other tests to order: Complete blood count with differential ...
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Most thallium is excreted in the urine, can be found within an hour after exposure, and can be detected as long as two months after exposure. Interpretation. Patients exposed to …
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The variables in the above equation are as follows: thallium, the urinary concentration in μg/l; μ, the mean (log-scale) non-smoking male value (the intercept); creatinine is the creatinine concentration in mmol/l corresponding to that measurement; I(smoking), an indicator variable denoting that the measurement was taken on a smoker; …
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About 50% of urine samples had a Tl concentration value above 0,5 microgram/L; about 70% of hair samples had a Tl concentration > 10 ng/g (2 ±1 ng/g is the value of not exposed people).
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Urinary thallium levels may reflect recent or chronic exposure, and the presence of thallium in urine after acute exposure may persist for up to several weeks. Concentrations less than 5 µg/L are unlikely to cause adverse health effects while concentrations greater than 500 µg/L have been associated with clinical poisoning.
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thallium-containing dust, a mean urinary thallium. concentration of 2.6 g/l, ranging up to 76.5 g/l, was found. In contrast, the mean urinary thallium. concentrations of two reference groups were 0.2 and. 0.4 g/l, respectively.A major cause of increased. intake of thallium was found to be the consumption of.
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Davison et al. (1974) reported concentrations of thallium on airborne fly ash emitted from a coal-burning power plant ranging from 29 to 76 µg/g, the thallium concentration increasing with decreasing particle size. The highest concentrations (greater than 60 µg/g) were on particles less than 7.3 µm in diameter. ... Urinary thallium levels ...
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Changes in blood thallium concentrations in the patient during PE treatment are shown in Fig. Fig.1. 1. On the 57th day from onset (the 14th day from admission), no thallium ions were detected in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid, whereas the urine thallium concentration was only 80 ng/mL. PB treatment was stopped after 15 …
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Thallium (Tl) is released into the environment, where is present at very low levels, from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Tl is considered as one of the most toxic heavy metals; it is a non-essential …
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The reference background urinary thallium level is 0.27 μmol/mol creatinine (creatinine-corrected) or 0.40 μg/l (uncorrected). Median values were 0.11 …
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Several previous studies found that urinary thallium concentration showed similar associations with kidney function as the plasma concentration in our study [27,28,29,30,31]. Future studies on urinary thallium and thallium clearance may be useful for providing more insight on the effects of thallium on the kidney.
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Urinary thallium levels may reflect recent or chronic exposure, and the presence of thallium in urine after acute exposure may persist for up to several weeks. …
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Urinary Tl concentrations are as high as 2668 μg/L, with most subjects surpassing the accepted world urinary Tl concentration at <1 μg/L for "non-exposed" humans. The urinary Tl concentrations show significant differences among three communities ( n = 21, p = 0.001), but no significant difference in either or age …
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Adult white mice dosed intraperitoneally with thallium 204 at a dose of 4 mg thallium/kg as thallous sulfate showed high thallium concentrations in bone tissue, kidney (particularly in the medulla ... reported mean urinary thallium levels of 0.38 and 0.33 µg/L in two groups of workers employed in two cement production plants and two cast iron ...
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Twenty-four-hour urine and hair analysis (approximately 16 days after symptoms) in all patients (including the index case) revealed 7 patients with elevated thallium concentrations, 2 patients with elevated thallium and arsenic concentrations, and 3 patients with normal or nondetectable thallium or arsenic concentrations (Table).
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A toxicology survey disclosed a high concentration of thallium (about 3124 mg/L) in the water. The clinical dermatological features subsided completely, but polyneuropathy with severe painful feet persisted. The blood and daily urinary thallium concentrations decreased slowly in the following 3-month period.
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Tests of your urine can detect thallium up to 2 months. The normal amount of thallium in human urine amounts to less than 1 ppm and 5-10 ppb in human hair. Although …
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The urinary TI concentration ranged from 13.4 μg/L to 60.1 μg/L with a mean of 36.1 μg/L and a median of 34.8 μg/L in six cases in December 2015, while the levels of lead, As and Hg in the urine were unremarkable (supplemented Table 1). However, the parents denied that their children were previously exposed to TI.
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The same investigators found the thallium concentration in early morning urine samples in nine subjects to range from 0.13 to 1.69 μg/L. Johnson (1976), in a study in New Zealand of 11 subjects with no known exposure to toxic metals, found a mean thallium concentration in the liver of 0.47 mg/kg dry tissue weight, with a range of …
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Urinary concentrations of 100 µg/L in asymptomatic workers (500 times higher than median levels in the U.S. population) are thought to correspond to workplace exposures at the threshold limit value of 0.1 mg/m 3 (Marcus, 1985). Brockhaus et al. (1981) studied 1,265 people living near a thallium-emitting cement plant in Germany.
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The normal urine Tl concentration is less than 5 µg/L. The typical clinical symptoms are observed when the urinary Tl concentration exceeds 500 µg/L ( Huang et al., 2014 ), and a concentration greater than 200 µg/L can be used as a basis for diagnosing acute Tl poisoning ( Moore et al., 1993 ).
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Blood and urine samples of eight surviving cases were sent for thallium levels 2 weeks after initiating therapy; the median blood thallium concentration was 10.5 μg/L (range, 5–46 μg/L). The median urine thallium concentration was …
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As the result, a highly toxic thallium concentration of 175 µg/l in blood and a slightly increased copper in the urine sample were found. Immediately after information of the medical doctors of the hospital ward about the thallium value, detoxification by forced diuresis and thallium antidote (Prussian blue) was started and further blood and ...
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Concentration of thallium in the blood and urine should be < 2 μg/L and < 5 μg/L, respectively, in healthy individuals, and the diagnosis of thallotoxicosis relies on …
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Cardiac, renal, and hepatic function should be monitored, as should calcium levels. Urine thallium levels above 5 µg/L are abnormal, with levels above 200 µg/L being indicative of poisoning. Thallium blood concentration levels are normal below 2 µg/L, and toxic at concentrations greater than 200 µg/L.
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Urine cadmium and thallium were positively associated with serum creatinine-based eGFR only when urine creatinine was used to adjust for urine concentration (β coefficient=3.1 mL/min/1.73 m 2; 95% confidence interval=1.4, 4.8 per each doubling of urine cadmium). Weaker positive associations, also only with urine creatinine …
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